Muhammad, Prophet
570–632 CE

The Quran and authenticated hadith center care for the poor and orphans (zakat as one of the Five Pillars), justice for the oppressed, hospitality to strangers, and religious tolerance for People of the Book (the Constitution of Medina). Paxton has actively investigated and litigated against Muslim institutions — CAIR, the East Plano Islamic Center, and the EPIC Ranch development — which the Prophet's framework treats as religious persecution. Cornyn has done none of this; he has been measured in the Paxton-led litigation and treats Muslim-American institutions as constitutionally protected like any other religious minority. Both candidates lose on the care-for-the-poor framework given their healthcare-cost records, but the religious-minority-protection difference is itself substantial. Cornyn earns much more Prophet-framework credit than Paxton on the pluralism dimension alone.